Meglitinidy

Meglitinidy are a class of oral antidiabetic medications used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. They work by stimulating the pancreas to release insulin, which helps to lower blood glucose levels. Meglitinides are rapidly absorbed and have a short duration of action, meaning they are typically taken before meals to help control postprandial (after-meal) blood sugar spikes. Their mechanism involves binding to and closing ATP-sensitive potassium channels on the beta cells of the pancreas, which leads to depolarization and calcium influx, triggering insulin secretion. Common examples of meglitinides include repaglinide and nateglinide. These medications are generally considered effective in improving glycemic control, particularly when used in conjunction with diet and exercise. Potential side effects can include hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), weight gain, and upper respiratory tract infections. They are a useful option for patients who experience significant postprandial hyperglycemia and may be an alternative for those who cannot tolerate or do not respond adequately to sulfonylureas. The choice to prescribe meglitinides is based on individual patient factors, including their specific glycemic profile, comorbidities, and potential for adverse effects.