Mechlorethamine

Mechlorethamine, also known by its chemical name 2-chloroethyl-2-methylamine, is a cytotoxic alkylating agent used in chemotherapy. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor and is soluble in water and ethanol. Mechlorethamine was first synthesized in the 1950s and has since been used in the treatment of various types of cancer, including lymphomas, leukemias, and some solid tumors.

The mechanism of action of mechlorethamine involves its ability to alkylate DNA, forming cross-links between DNA strands. This process inhibits DNA replication and transcription, leading to cell death. Mechlorethamine is typically administered intravenously and has a relatively short half-life, requiring frequent dosing.

Common side effects of mechlorethamine include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and myelosuppression, which can lead to anemia and infection. More severe side effects may include gastrointestinal toxicity and neurotoxicity. Due to its potential for causing these side effects, mechlorethamine is often used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents to enhance its efficacy and reduce its toxicity.

Mechlorethamine is considered a second-line treatment for certain types of cancer and is often used in combination with other drugs such as prednisone or rituximab. Its use is generally reserved for cases where other treatments have failed or are not suitable. The drug is produced and distributed by various pharmaceutical companies and is available in different formulations to suit various treatment protocols.