Maxilobifera

Maxilobifera is a superfamily of insects belonging to the order Hemiptera, commonly known as true bugs. This group primarily comprises aquatic and semi-aquatic species. A key characteristic of Maxilobifera is the modification of their maxillae, which are part of their mouthparts, into a piercing-sucking rostrum. This rostrum is often stout and used for capturing and consuming prey.

Members of this superfamily are predatory, feeding on other invertebrates, particularly aquatic insects and small crustaceans. They are typically found in freshwater environments such as ponds, lakes, and slow-moving streams. Their morphology is adapted for both aquatic life and predation, often featuring flattened bodies, oar-like hind legs for swimming, and well-developed forelegs for grasping.

The superfamily Maxilobifera includes several families, with the most well-known being Belostomatidae (giant water bugs) and Nepidae (water scorpions). Giant water bugs are among the largest terrestrial insects and are known for their powerful bite, while water scorpions are characterized by their distinctive breathing siphon at the posterior end of their abdomen. Despite their predatory nature, some species can deliver a painful bite to humans if handled carelessly. Their life cycles involve incomplete metamorphosis, with nymphs resembling smaller, wingless adults.