Matabele

The Matabele, also known as the Ndebele, are a Nguni ethnic group native to Southern Africa. They are primarily found in Zimbabwe and South Africa. The Matabele language, also called Ndebele, is a Southern Nguni language closely related to Zulu. Historically, the Matabele were a militaristic society, formed by Mzilikazi, a former commander under the Zulu king Shaka, who broke away in the 1820s and led his people on a westward migration. This period, known as the Mfecane, led to the establishment of the Ndebele Kingdom.

The Ndebele Kingdom, centered in what is now Zimbabwe, was characterized by its strong military organization and expansionist policies. They clashed with European colonial powers, notably during the Anglo-Ndebele Wars in the late 19th century, which ultimately led to their subjugation and incorporation into British colonies. Despite colonial rule, Matabele culture, traditions, and language have persisted. Their traditional social structure was hierarchical, with a king at the apex, followed by chiefs and commoners. Art, particularly beadwork and intricate pottery, is an important aspect of Matabele cultural heritage. Today, the Matabele people continue to be a significant cultural and demographic group in the region, with their identity strongly linked to their history and ancestral lands.