Markersequenzen

Markersequenzen, also known as marker sequences or genetic markers, are specific DNA sequences used to identify and track particular locations on chromosomes. These sequences can be naturally occurring variations in the genome, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or short tandem repeats (STRs), or they can be deliberately introduced into an organism's DNA. Their primary utility lies in their ability to serve as identifiable landmarks within the vast expanse of genetic material.

The identification of marker sequences is crucial for a variety of molecular biology applications. In genetics, they are instrumental in gene mapping, allowing researchers to pinpoint the chromosomal location of genes associated with specific traits or diseases. This is achieved by observing the co-inheritance patterns of a marker sequence with a particular phenotype. In molecular breeding, marker sequences help breeders select for desirable traits in crops and livestock by identifying individuals that carry specific genetic markers linked to those traits, accelerating the breeding process.

Furthermore, marker sequences are indispensable tools in forensic science. DNA profiling, used for identification in criminal investigations and paternity testing, relies on analyzing highly variable marker sequences, particularly STRs, which are unique to individuals. The specific pattern of these markers creates a unique genetic fingerprint. In evolutionary biology, marker sequences are used to study genetic diversity within and between populations, trace evolutionary relationships, and understand migration patterns. The consistent and identifiable nature of marker sequences makes them reliable indicators of genetic variation and inheritance.