MantouxPPD

The Mantoux tuberculin skin test, also known as the Mantoux PPD test, is a widely used method for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection. It involves injecting a small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin intradermally into the forearm. The body's immune response to the proteins in the PPD will cause a reaction if a person has been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

After 48 to 72 hours, a healthcare professional examines the injection site for a raised, hardened bump called an induration. The size of the induration determines whether the test is considered positive. A larger induration indicates a higher likelihood of latent tuberculosis infection. Factors such as the presence of a previous BCG vaccination or exposure to non-tuberculous mycobacteria can also cause a positive reaction, leading to false positives. Conversely, certain conditions like a weakened immune system can result in a false negative.

A positive Mantoux PPD test does not necessarily mean a person has active tuberculosis disease. It indicates that the individual has been exposed to the bacteria and their immune system has recognized it. Further tests, such as chest X-rays and sputum cultures, are often needed to determine if the infection is latent or active, and if treatment is required. The Mantoux PPD test is a valuable screening tool but requires careful interpretation by a medical professional.