Malvoideae

Malvoideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. This subfamily is characterized by several distinct features, including the presence of stellate trichomes (star-shaped hairs) on many of its species, and a distinctive staminal column that bears the anthers. The flowers typically have five petals, which can be fused at the base, and a calyx of fused sepals. Nectaries are usually located at the base of the staminal column.

The subfamily Malvoideae is a diverse group, encompassing a wide range of plant forms from herbaceous annuals and perennials to shrubs and even small trees. Distribution is largely cosmopolitan, with species found on most continents, though they are particularly abundant in tropical and subtropical regions. Many members of Malvoideae are of economic importance. The cotton plants (Gossypium species) are perhaps the most well-known, providing fiber for textiles. Other cultivated species include okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), known for its edible seed pods, and various ornamental plants like hibiscus (Hibiscus species) and hollyhock (Alcea species).

Genera within Malvoideae include Abutilon, Alcea, Gossypium, Hibiscus, Malva, and Sida, among others. These genera exhibit a range of ecological adaptations, from mesic grasslands to arid deserts. Research into the phylogenetic relationships within Malvoideae continues to refine our understanding of its evolutionary history and diversification. The subfamily represents a significant component of the world's plant biodiversity and provides valuable resources for human use.