Makroprudentiaalse

Makroprudentiaalse refers to a set of policies and tools aimed at ensuring the stability of the financial system as a whole, rather than focusing on individual financial institutions. The term originates from the Greek words "makros" meaning large and "prudentia" meaning foresight or prudence. Macroprudential policy distinguishes itself from microprudential policy, which concentrates on the safety and soundness of individual banks and other financial firms.

The core idea behind macroprudential policy is to identify and mitigate systemic risks, which are threats that could destabilize the entire financial system. These risks can arise from various sources, including excessive credit growth, asset bubbles, interconnectedness among financial institutions, and liquidity shortages. By addressing these system-wide vulnerabilities, macroprudential authorities aim to prevent financial crises or at least reduce their severity and duration.

Common macroprudential tools include capital buffers that banks must hold, especially during periods of strong credit growth, to absorb potential losses. Loan-to-value ratios and debt-to-income limits can be used to curb excessive borrowing by households and firms. Stress tests are also employed to assess the resilience of the financial system to adverse economic scenarios. The ultimate goal is to foster a more resilient financial system that can better withstand economic shocks and support sustainable economic growth.