Magnetosähköiset

Magnetosähköiset refers to a phenomenon where a magnetic field can induce an electric polarization in certain materials, and conversely, an electric field can induce magnetization. This coupling between magnetic and electric orders is known as magnetoelectricity. Materials exhibiting this effect are called magnetoelectric materials.

The magnetoelectric effect can manifest in various ways. In some materials, applying an electric field causes a change in their magnetic properties, such as their magnetic susceptibility or even their magnetic ordering. Conversely, applying a magnetic field can alter their electrical polarization. This cross-coupling allows for the control of one order parameter (magnetic or electric) by the other.

There are several types of magnetoelectric effects, including linear, quadratic, and antisymmetric effects, depending on the relationship between the applied fields and the induced polarization or magnetization. The linear magnetoelectric effect, where the induced polarization is directly proportional to the applied magnetic field (and vice versa), is the most commonly studied.

Magnetoelectric materials hold significant promise for a range of technological applications. These include the development of novel sensors that can detect magnetic fields using electrical signals, or electric fields using magnetic signals. They are also being explored for use in low-power memory devices, tunable microwave filters, and energy harvesting systems. Research in this field focuses on discovering new magnetoelectric materials with strong coupling effects and understanding the underlying physics.