Magnesiumoxid

Magnesium oxide (MgO), traditionally known as burnt magnesia, is an inorganic compound that appears as a white, hygroscopic solid. It is a basic oxide with a high melting point and low solubility in water. Its molecular weight is 40.30 g/mol. In air it is relatively stable, though it slowly hydrates and forms Mg(OH)2 in the presence of moisture.

Production and natural occurrence: Magnesium oxide is manufactured by calcining magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) or magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) at high temperatures: MgCO3 → MgO + CO2; Mg(OH)2 → MgO + H2O. The natural mineral form of MgO is periclase, found in high-temperature metamorphic and ultramafic rocks.

Applications: MgO is widely used as a refractory material due to its high melting point, including lining for furnaces and kilns in steelmaking and cement production. It is also used as a basic filler or additive in ceramics, plastics and rubber, as a drying agent, and in some medicines as an antacid and laxative. Grade variations exist for agricultural, pharmaceutical, or industrial use.

Safety and handling: MgO dust can irritate the eyes, skin and lungs. It reacts with water to form Mg(OH)2, releasing some heat. It should be handled with appropriate dust controls and protective equipment; avoid generation of inhalable dust.