Magneettimetreissä

Magneettimetreissä, often translated as magnetometers, are instruments used to measure magnetic fields. They detect and quantify the strength and direction of magnetic flux density. Various types of magnetometers exist, each employing different physical principles for detection. Some common types include Hall effect sensors, magnetoresistive sensors, fluxgate magnetometers, and SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) magnetometers.

Hall effect sensors utilize the Hall effect, where a voltage is produced across an electrical conductor when it carries a current perpendicular to a magnetic field. Magnetoresistive sensors change their electrical resistance in the presence of a magnetic field. Fluxgate magnetometers are sensitive and can measure weak magnetic fields, often used in geophysical surveys and compasses. SQUID magnetometers are extremely sensitive, capable of detecting very faint magnetic fields, and are employed in medical imaging (like magnetoencephalography) and fundamental physics research.

Magnetometers find applications in a wide range of fields. In navigation, they form the basis of magnetic compasses. Geophysics uses them to study the Earth's magnetic field and locate mineral deposits. Archaeology employs them to detect buried structures and artifacts. In industry, they are used for quality control, non-destructive testing, and controlling magnetic systems. Scientific research utilizes magnetometers for studying magnetic materials, plasma physics, and space exploration. The choice of magnetometer depends on factors such as sensitivity, accuracy, size, power consumption, and the specific application requirements.