Magkörtlar

Magkörtlar, or gastric glands, are microscopic structures found in the lining of the stomach. They are responsible for secreting various substances that aid in digestion and protect the stomach itself. These glands are not uniformly distributed throughout the stomach; their composition and function can vary depending on the region of the stomach.

The primary secretions from magkörtlar include hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen, and mucus. Hydrochloric acid, secreted by parietal cells, lowers the pH of the stomach, creating an acidic environment essential for activating pepsinogen and killing ingested microorganisms. Pepsinogen, secreted by chief cells, is an inactive precursor that is converted into pepsin, a protease enzyme that begins the breakdown of proteins. Mucus, secreted by goblet cells and mucous neck cells, forms a protective layer that lines the stomach wall, preventing the acid and enzymes from digesting the stomach tissue itself.

In addition to these main components, some magkörtlar also produce hormones, such as gastrin, which stimulates acid secretion, and intrinsic factor, necessary for vitamin B12 absorption. The regulation of these secretions is complex, involving hormonal and neural signals. Disruptions in the function of magkörtlar can lead to various gastrointestinal issues, including ulcers and indigestion. Understanding the structure and function of magkörtlar is crucial for comprehending the overall digestive process in the stomach.