Maandust

Maandust, also known as lunar dust, is the fine particulate surface material that covers the Moon. It forms from micrometeoroid impacts and the solar wind that progressively shatters rocks into regolith. Particle sizes span submicron to tens of micrometres, with a predominance of angular grains.

Composition and properties: Maandust includes silicate minerals such as plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, olivine, and glassy agglutinates, with traces of oxides like ilmenite. In the vacuum and extreme temperatures of the Moon, the dust behaves as a cohesive, electrostatically charged powder. The lack of atmosphere means there is no wind to transport dust; instead, electrostatic forces can mobilize and cause fine grains to adhere to surfaces, including spacesuits and solar panels.

Hazards and implications: The dust is abrasive and can cause wear on equipment, contaminate seals, and complicate habitat and suit integrity. Inhalation risks have been a concern for astronaut health, and extensive research supports mitigation strategies for dust exposure. The mobility and persistence of maandust also pose challenges for exploration, operations, and long-term lunar infrastructure.

Exploration and utilization: Maandust is studied to understand surface processes, regolith mechanics, and resource potential. In situ resource utilization prospects include extracting oxygen from regolith and using processed material for construction. Permanently shadowed polar regions may contain water ice mixed with dust, presenting additional resource opportunities for future missions.