MXD

MXD is the file extension used by Esri's ArcMap for map documents. It designates a binary file format that stores a map document's contents and configuration for a particular map view. An MXD typically includes the arrangement of data frames and layouts, symbolization, labeling, scale, and page layout settings, as well as references to the GIS data layers used in the map.

What the file contains and how it is used: An MXD stores layer properties, data sources, symbology, labeling expressions, and other map-wide settings. It may also include saved map elements such as legends, north arrows, scale bars, and layout sheets. The document references GIS data sources, which can be located on local disks, network shares, databases, or online services. The actual data is usually not embedded in the MXD, so moving or sharing the MXD without the associated data can break links.

Usage and compatibility: MXD files are created and edited in ArcMap, part of Esri's ArcGIS Desktop. They can be opened and updated in newer ArcMap releases, and ArcGIS Pro can import MXD files and convert them to the APRX format. Some features or configurations may not transfer perfectly during conversion. If the data sources referenced by an MXD are moved or renamed, the map may display broken references, which can be repaired using the software's data source tools.

Related concepts: APRX (ArcGIS Pro project), MPKX (map package), and general ArcMap/ArcGIS Desktop workflows. See also Esri, ArcMap, and ArcGIS Pro.