MRmaskin

MRmaskin, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, is a medical imaging device that uses a strong magnetic field and radiofrequency pulses to generate detailed pictures of soft tissues. Unlike X-ray or CT, MRI does not rely on ionizing radiation. The basic principle is alignment of hydrogen nuclei in a magnetic field; radiofrequency pulses perturb alignment and the emitted signals are spatially encoded by gradient fields to form images. Different imaging sequences emphasize various tissue properties, and contrast agents such as gadolinium may be used to enhance visibility.

History and design: The concept was developed in the 1970s by Paul Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield; clinical MRI became widely available in the 1980s. Modern MRmaskins use superconducting magnets (commonly 1.5 tesla or 3 tesla), powerful gradient coils, and specialized RF receive coils. Mobile or open designs exist but most hospitals operate closed-bore systems for higher field strength. 0.2–7 tesla research systems exist but are not routine in clinical care.

Applications: Neuroimaging is a major indication; MRI is also used for musculoskeletal, abdominal, thoracic, and cardiac imaging, as well as breast imaging. Functional MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging provide functional or microstructural information. MRmaskin data support planning of surgery, diagnosis of disease, monitoring of treatment, and guidance for biopsies.

Safety and limitations: MRmaskin is non-ionizing but safety screening for implants, devices, or ferromagnetic foreign bodies is essential. Contraindications include certain implanted devices and severe claustrophobia. Common side effects include loud noise and discomfort; contrast agents carry risks including nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in renal impairment and concerns about gadolinium deposition. Scan times and motion sensitivity can limit image quality; availability and cost are considerations.