MPOdefektio

MPOdefektio refers to a deficiency or dysfunction of myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme primarily found in neutrophils and monocytes. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the innate immune system by generating hypochlorous acid, a potent antimicrobial agent. MPO catalyzes the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions to produce hypochlorous acid, which is then used to kill ingested pathogens during phagocytosis.

Genetic mutations are the most common cause of MPO deficiency. These mutations can lead to a complete absence of MPO (MPO deficiency type 1) or a functionally impaired enzyme (MPO deficiency type 2). The inheritance pattern is typically autosomal recessive. Acquired MPO deficiency can occur due to certain medical conditions or treatments, such as myelodysplastic syndromes or chemotherapy.

Individuals with MPO deficiency often have a reduced ability to kill certain bacteria and fungi, particularly those with catalase activity, as MPO is a key component of the oxidative burst. However, the clinical manifestations of MPO deficiency are generally mild, and many affected individuals remain asymptomatic throughout their lives. When symptoms do occur, they may include recurrent or chronic infections, particularly cutaneous candidiasis or bacterial infections. Diagnosis is usually made through biochemical assays that measure MPO activity in blood cells. Treatment focuses on managing infections if they arise.