MALAYSIA

Malaysia is a Southeast Asian country located partly on the Malay Peninsula and partly on the northern coast of Borneo. It comprises 13 states and 3 federal territories, with Kuala Lumpur as the national capital and Putrajaya as the administrative center. The country operates as a constitutional monarchy and federal parliamentary democracy. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong serves as the ceremonial head of state, elected to a five-year term from among the Malay rulers; the prime minister is the head of government. Parliament consists of the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives) and the Dewan Negara (Senate).

The official language is Malay (Bahasa Malaysia), while English is widely used in business and government. Ethnic Malays form the largest group, with substantial Chinese and Indian communities and many Indigenous peoples in Sabah and Sarawak. Islam is the official religion, with Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism and other faiths also practiced.

Geographically, Malaysia features coastal plains, tropical rainforests, and mountain ranges. Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo are separated by water. The country shares land borders with Thailand and Indonesia, and has maritime borders with Singapore and Brunei. It is known for rich biodiversity and numerous protected areas, including national parks and reefs.

The economy is diversified, with manufacturing, services, and natural resources. Key sectors include electronics, palm oil, petroleum, and liquefied natural gas. Malaysia is a member of ASEAN and maintains a high level of exports and foreign investment.

Historically, the region included thriving Malay kingdoms and later came under British influence. Malaya gained independence in 1957 and formed Malaysia in 1963 with Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore; Singapore left the federation in 1965. The country continues to navigate a multiethnic society and cultural traditions.