M82
M82, commonly known as the Cigar Galaxy, is a nearby irregular starburst galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. It is designated Messier 82 (M82) and NGC 3034, and lies at a distance of about 12 million light-years (roughly 3.6 megaparsecs) from Earth. It is part of the M81 Group, located near the larger spiral galaxy M81.
Its elongated, cigar-like appearance results from gravitational interaction with M81 and other group members, which has
M82's central star-forming region is exceptionally active; the star formation rate is on the order of 10
Observations across the spectrum reveal strong infrared emission from heated dust, prominent H II regions, and
Most notably, M82 drives a galactic superwind—powerful outflows of gas and dust extending above and below the
Because of its proximity and extreme star-formation, M82 is a key object for studying starburst physics and