Lõppega

Lõppega is an Estonian grammatical form that represents the comitative or instrumental meaning “with.” It is created by attaching the suffix -ga to the genitive stem of a noun, producing a phrase that denotes accompaniment or means. The word lõppega itself is often cited as an example of how the comitative suffix can attach to a stem originating from the noun lõpp, meaning “end.”

The core mechanism is shared with other comitative forms in Estonian. The -ga suffix combines with the Genitive stem of a noun to indicate the presence of something together with another noun, or the use of something as a means. Common, everyday examples of comitative forms include koeraga (with the dog), raamatuga (with the book), and toiduga (with the food). Lõppega fits into this pattern as a specialised instance formed from lõpp (end) plus the same instrumental suffix.

In usage, lõppega functions like other comitative forms: it appears in noun phrases where the speaker describes accompaniment, association, or means. It is most often encountered in linguistic descriptions, grammars, and dictionaries illustrating Estonian morphology. In ordinary speech, speakers typically rely on the broader comitative forms and may use context to convey similar meanings without emphasizing the specific lõppega construction.

Etymology and related concepts: lõppega derives from the noun lõpp “end” and the instrumental/comitative suffix -ga. This mirrors the general Estonian pattern of forming comitative phrases by adding -ga to the genitive stem of a noun. See also Estonian grammar, comitative case, instrumental suffix, and the paradigm of genitive stems.