Lõikesagedus

Lõikesagedus, also known as cutoff frequency, is a fundamental concept in signal processing and electronics. It refers to the frequency at which a circuit or system begins to significantly attenuate signals. In simpler terms, it's the point where a filter starts to block or reduce the strength of frequencies passing through it.

Filters are designed to pass certain frequencies while blocking others. The lõikesagedus defines the boundary between these two regions. For a low-pass filter, the lõikesagedus is the frequency above which the signal is attenuated. Conversely, for a high-pass filter, it's the frequency below which the signal is attenuated. For band-pass and band-stop filters, there are typically two lõikesagedused defining the edges of the passband or stopband.

The precise definition of lõikesagedus can vary slightly depending on the context and the desired level of attenuation. A common definition is the frequency at which the output power of the system is half of the input power, which corresponds to a voltage or current reduction of approximately 3 dB (decibels). Another definition uses the frequency where the output signal is attenuated by 3 dB from its maximum value.

Understanding lõikesagedus is crucial for designing and analyzing electronic circuits, audio systems, telecommunications equipment, and many other applications where frequency selectivity is important. It dictates the operational characteristics of filters and helps engineers tailor systems to specific signal requirements.