Lõhnahaaratus

Lõhnahaaratus refers to the olfactory epithelium, a specialized tissue located in the nasal cavity responsible for the sense of smell. This remarkable tissue contains a multitude of olfactory receptor neurons, each equipped with cilia that project into the mucus layer lining the nasal passages. These cilia are studded with olfactory receptor proteins, which are capable of binding to specific odorant molecules dissolved in the inhaled air.

When an odorant molecule binds to a receptor, it triggers a cascade of biochemical events within the neuron, ultimately generating an electrical signal. This signal is then transmitted along the neuron's axon to the olfactory bulb, a structure at the base of the brain. In the olfactory bulb, these signals are processed and relayed to other brain regions, including the piriform cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus, where they are interpreted as specific smells and contribute to memory and emotional responses.

The lõhnahaaratus is constantly regenerating, with olfactory receptor neurons having a relatively short lifespan. This continuous renewal is crucial for maintaining the sensitivity and functionality of the sense of smell. Damage or degeneration of this tissue can lead to anosmia, the loss of the sense of smell, or hyposmia, a reduced sense of smell. Factors such as aging, infections, and exposure to toxins can affect the health of the lõhnahaaratus.