Lämpövarastomateriaalit

Lämpövarastomateriaalit, often translated as thermal energy storage materials or phase change materials (PCMs), are substances that can store and release thermal energy through a change in their physical state. This process typically involves melting and solidifying or vaporizing and condensing. The most common type of thermal energy storage material utilizes latent heat, which is the heat absorbed or released during a phase change at a constant temperature.

These materials are chosen based on their melting point, which should align with the desired operating temperature range for heating or cooling applications. Key properties include high latent heat of fusion, good thermal conductivity, long-term stability, low cost, and non-toxicity. Common examples include paraffin waxes, salt hydrates, and fatty acids. Paraffin waxes are widely used due to their availability and tunable melting points. Salt hydrates offer higher latent heat but can suffer from phase segregation over time.

The application of lämpövarastomateriaalit is diverse. They are integral to passive solar heating systems, where they absorb solar heat during the day and release it at night. In building construction, they can be incorporated into walls, ceilings, or floors to regulate indoor temperatures, reducing the need for active heating and cooling systems and improving energy efficiency. They are also used in thermal management for electronics, solar thermal power plants, and even in textiles for temperature-regulating clothing. The ability to store and release heat efficiently makes these materials a crucial component in sustainable energy solutions.