Lämpösiirtoaine

A lämpösiirtoaine, commonly translated as heat transfer fluid or heat carrier fluid, is a substance used to transfer thermal energy from one place to another. These fluids are essential in a wide range of industrial and domestic applications, from heating and cooling systems to power generation and chemical processes. The primary function of a lämpösiirtoaine is to absorb heat from a source, transport it through a system, and release it at a designated location.

The choice of a specific lämpösiirtoaine depends on several factors, including the operating temperature range, pressure conditions, chemical compatibility with system components, and safety considerations. Common types of lämpösiirtoaine include water, glycols (such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol), oils (mineral and synthetic), refrigerants, and molten salts. Water is a widely used and cost-effective option for many applications due to its excellent heat capacity and thermal conductivity. Glycols are often used in systems operating below freezing temperatures or at elevated temperatures where corrosion might be an issue.

The performance of a lämpösiirtoaine is characterized by its thermophysical properties, such as specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and density. A fluid with high specific heat capacity can absorb and transport more heat per unit mass. Good thermal conductivity allows for efficient heat transfer to and from the fluid. Low viscosity is desirable to minimize pumping energy requirements and pressure drop within the system.

Safety and environmental impact are also crucial considerations when selecting a lämpösiirtoaine. Some fluids may be flammable, toxic, or corrosive, requiring special handling and containment measures. The development of more environmentally friendly and sustainable heat transfer fluids is an ongoing area of research and development.