Lymphweg

Lymphweg, a term used in German anatomy, refers to the lymphatic pathways of the body—the network of lymphatic vessels that drains interstitial fluid, transports immune cells, and participates in immune surveillance. The lymphatic system begins with lymphatic capillaries in nearly all tissues, which collect excess interstitial fluid and proteins. These capillaries merge into larger collecting vessels that contain one-way valves and accompany arteries and veins. Lymph is then routed through regional lymph nodes, where immune cells monitor for antigens, before progressing to larger lymphatic trunks.

Two principal drainage routes return lymph to the venous system: the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct. The thoracic duct drains the left side of the body and most of the right lower body, while the right lymphatic duct handles the right side of the head and neck, right upper limb, and right thorax. Each duct empties into the venous circulation at the respective venous angles formed by the internal jugular and subclavian veins.

Functionally, Lymphweg supports fluid balance, immune defense, and, in the gut, lipid absorption via lacteals that transport chyle. Lymphatic vessels rely on valves, smooth muscle in their walls, and external forces such as skeletal muscle activity and breathing to propel lymph. Lymph nodes act as filters and sites of antigen presentation, contributing to adaptive immune responses.

Clinically, disruption of the lymphatic pathways can lead to lymphedema, infections, or impaired immune function. Lymphangiography and other imaging methods are used to assess lymphatic flow and integrity.