Lymfedém

Lymfedém is a chronic condition characterized by swelling caused by a buildup of lymph fluid in the body's tissues. Lymph is a clear fluid that contains proteins, fats, and immune cells. It circulates through the lymphatic system, a network of vessels and nodes that plays a crucial role in fluid balance and immunity. When the lymphatic system is damaged or blocked, lymph fluid cannot drain properly, leading to its accumulation in the soft tissues, most commonly in the arms or legs.

The causes of lymfedém can be broadly categorized into primary and secondary. Primary lymfedém is a rare inherited condition resulting from developmental abnormalities of the lymphatic system. Secondary lymfedém is far more common and occurs as a result of damage to the lymphatic system from other causes. These include surgery, particularly cancer surgery involving the removal of lymph nodes, radiation therapy, infections, trauma, and certain medical conditions like cancer itself or chronic venous insufficiency.

Symptoms of lymfedém typically include swelling in an arm or leg, a feeling of heaviness or tightness, restricted range of motion, and recurrent infections in the affected limb. In more advanced stages, the skin may become thickened and hardened. While there is no cure for lymfedém, effective management strategies exist to reduce swelling, prevent complications, and improve quality of life. These often involve a combination of complete decongestive therapy (CDT), which includes manual lymphatic drainage, compression therapy, exercise, and meticulous skin care. Early diagnosis and consistent management are key to controlling the condition.