LuxembourgGermany

Luxembourg–Germany relations refer to the bilateral relations between the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the Federal Republic of Germany. Both countries are Western European Union member states with deep historical ties and extensive cooperation. They share a border along Luxembourg’s eastern edge and are among each other’s most important neighbours in the European context.

Historically, the Luxembourgish state emerged from the medieval duchy and developed strong German-language cultural ties. In the 19th century Luxembourg was part of the German Confederation until its 1867 independence following the Luxembourg Crisis. Occupied by Germany during World War II (1940–1944), Luxembourg and Germany later rebuilt their relationship, aligning closely within Western European institutions after the war.

Politically and economically, Germany is one of Luxembourg’s major partners. The two countries cooperate within the European Union and NATO, and they coordinate on cross-border infrastructure, energy, and security policy. Germany is a leading trading partner and investor for Luxembourg, while Luxembourg serves as an important financial and services hub within the EU. Cross-border commuting and business links are common across the border region.

Culturally, Luxembourg’s official languages include Luxembourgish, German, and French, reflecting long-standing German-language influence and mutual understanding with Germany. In daily life, German is widely used in education, media, and administration in Luxembourg, reinforcing people-to-people ties.

Regional cooperation is reinforced by bodies such as the Saar-Lor-Lux Eurodistrict, a cross-border initiative linking parts of Germany, Luxembourg, and France to coordinate transport, housing, and economic development. Looking ahead, Luxembourg–Germany relations are likely to remain close within EU and multinational frameworks, with ongoing collaboration on trade, technology, and regional planning.