Luteinizaním

Luteinizaním, in biological terminology often translated as luteinization, is the process by which the ovarian follicle transforms into the corpus luteum at the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. This transformation follows ovulation and is accompanied by hormonal and cellular changes that convert granulosa cells and thecal interna cells into luteal cells that secrete progesterone, with smaller amounts of estrogen. The corpus luteum serves as a temporary endocrine gland essential for maintaining the secretory lining of the uterus in early pregnancy.

Mechanism: The LH surge at mid-cycle triggers ovulation and initiates luteinization. Granulosa cells differentiate into large luteal cells; thecal cells become small luteal cells; lipid accumulation occurs, giving the yellow color of the corpus luteum. Progesterone production increases, supported by gonadotropin signaling. In early pregnancy, human chorionic gonadotropin rescues the corpus luteum from regression, maintaining progesterone production until placental takeover. In the absence of pregnancy, the corpus luteum degenerates after roughly 12–14 days (luteolysis), leading to a drop in progesterone and onset of menstruation.

Clinical relevance: Luteinization is central to normal reproductive physiology; disturbances in luteal function can contribute to infertility or irregular menses. The concept is observed across mammals; while specifics vary, the general process is conserved: follicle rupture, luteinization, and progesterone secretion.