Lukutaito

Lukutaito is the ability to read and write, and to understand and use written language in daily life. In Finnish contexts, lukutaito is treated as a basic competence that underpins learning, communication, and participation in society.

It includes decoding (phonemic awareness and recognizing written words), vocabulary, reading fluency, and reading comprehension, as well as writing skills and the ability to produce coherent texts. In modern usage, it also covers information literacy and critical reading—an ability to evaluate sources and use information responsibly.

In Finland, literacy development starts in early childhood education and continues through primary school and beyond. The education system emphasizes equal opportunities, early support for learners with reading difficulties, and screening programs to identify needs such as dyslexia.

Digital literacy is a growing component of lukutaito, encompassing the ability to search online, evaluate digital sources, understand multimedia texts, and communicate in writing across platforms.

Internationally, literacy is recognized as a fundamental skill essential for education, employment, and civic life. UNESCO defines literacy as the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, and communicate using written language and to use information effectively in daily life.