Lowairloss

Low-air-loss (LAL) refers to a medical bed surface technology used to prevent and manage pressure ulcers by redistributing pressure and controlling the skin surface microclimate. LAL systems use a mattress composed of numerous air bladders connected to a pump. The bladders are inflated and deflated to lower peak tissue pressure and to wick away moisture through continuous or intermittent airflow.

Mechanism: The air bladders are arranged in zones beneath the patient. The system may operate with continuous low-rate airflow (low air loss) and sometimes combines alternating pressure therapy, which cyclically changes the zones that are inflated. The moving air helps keep the skin dry by evaporating moisture and reducing heat buildup, which can contribute to skin breakdown. Some systems also provide adjustable firmness and microclimate control to suit individual needs.

Indications: LAL mattresses are commonly used for patients who are immobile, have limited sensation, spinal cord injury, post-surgical recovery, or conditions that increase pressure ulcer risk. They are typically prescribed as part of a skin-care protocol including regular repositioning and skin inspection.

Benefits and limitations: Compared with static support surfaces, LAL systems aim to reduce interface pressures and protect vulnerable skin. Evidence is mixed; some studies show lower incidence of pressure ulcers and improved comfort, while results vary by patient population and device type. Costs, maintenance, infection control, noise, and power dependency are considerations.

Safety and maintenance: Proper fitting, routine inspection for leaks, and adherence to manufacturer instructions are important. Incontinence, perspiration, or heat can affect performance and skin condition; devices should be monitored by healthcare professionals.

See also: Pressure ulcer, Pressure-relieving mattress, Alternating pressure mattress.