Ljudförvrängning

Ljudförvrängning, often referred to as audio distortion, is any alteration of an audio signal's waveform from its original form. This alteration can occur at various points in the audio reproduction chain, from the source recording to the playback equipment. The term "distortion" generally implies an undesirable change, though in some musical contexts, intentional distortion is a sought-after effect.

There are several common types of sound distortion. Harmonic distortion occurs when the output signal contains frequencies that are integer multiples of the input signal's frequencies. This can create a richer, sometimes harsher, sound. Intermodulation distortion happens when different frequencies in the input signal interact, creating new frequencies at the sum and difference of the original frequencies. Transient distortion affects the sharp, sudden changes in an audio signal, like the attack of a drumbeat. Clipping is a form of distortion that occurs when an amplifier is overdriven, causing the peaks of the audio waveform to be flattened or "clipped."

The causes of sound distortion can range from simple overloading of electronic components to physical limitations of speakers. In digital audio, distortion can arise from improper sample rate conversion or quantization errors. While often perceived negatively, certain types of distortion, such as overdrive and fuzz in electric guitar amplification, are intentionally used to achieve specific tonal qualities in music. Understanding the nature and causes of sound distortion is crucial for audio engineers and musicians aiming for pristine sound reproduction or creative sonic manipulation.