LixC6

LixC6 refers to a family of intercalation compounds formed by lithium ions (Li) and graphite (C6). In these compounds, lithium atoms are inserted into the layered structure of graphite. The 'x' in LixC6 represents the stoichiometry, indicating the proportion of lithium to carbon atoms. The most commonly studied and utilized form is LiC6, which represents a fully intercalated stage-1 compound where every other graphene layer is occupied by lithium. Other stages, such as LiC12 (stage-2) and LiC18 (stage-3), also exist, where lithium layers are separated by more graphite layers.

The formation of LixC6 is a reversible process, making it crucial for rechargeable lithium-ion battery technology. During the charging process, lithium ions from the cathode are inserted into the graphite anode, forming LixC6. Conversely, during discharge, lithium ions are deintercalated from LixC6 and return to the cathode. The intercalation process involves the reduction of lithium ions to lithium atoms, which then reside between the graphene layers. The ability of graphite to host a significant amount of lithium while maintaining its structural integrity and electrical conductivity is fundamental to the high energy density of lithium-ion batteries. The electrochemical potential of the LixC6 electrode is relatively low and stable, contributing to the overall voltage of the battery.