Lisääntymistoksisuus

Reproductive toxicity refers to the adverse effects of an agent on sexual function and fertility in mature male or female organisms, and on the development of the offspring before, during, or after birth. This broad category encompasses a range of potential harms, including disruptions to fertility, the ability to conceive, pregnancy outcomes, and the health of the developing fetus or child.

Agents that can cause reproductive toxicity include certain chemicals, drugs, environmental pollutants, and even some biological agents. Exposure can occur through various routes, such as inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. The timing and level of exposure are crucial factors in determining the severity and type of reproductive toxicity observed.

Effects on male reproductive toxicity can include decreased sperm count or motility, abnormal sperm morphology, and reduced libido. In females, it may manifest as irregular menstrual cycles, anovulation, difficulty conceiving, or an increased risk of miscarriage. Developmental toxicity, a subset of reproductive toxicity, focuses on adverse effects occurring from conception to puberty. This can result in birth defects, growth retardation, functional deficits, or even death of the developing organism.

Understanding and identifying reproductive toxicants is important for public health and regulatory purposes. This allows for the implementation of measures to minimize exposure, protect vulnerable populations, and ensure the safety of products and environments. Research continues to investigate the mechanisms by which various agents exert their reproductive toxic effects and to develop strategies for prevention and mitigation.