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Adrenal cortex is the outer layer of the adrenal gland. It is responsible for producing corticosteroids, which are hormones that regulate a variety of bodily functions. The adrenal cortex is divided into three zones: the zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata, and the zona reticularis.

The zona glomerulosa is the outermost layer of the adrenal cortex. It produces mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, which help to regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance. Aldosterone works by promoting the reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidneys, which in turn increases blood volume and blood pressure.

The zona fasciculata is the middle layer of the adrenal cortex. It produces glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, which help to regulate metabolism, stress response, and immune function. Cortisol has a wide range of effects on the body, including increasing blood glucose levels, suppressing inflammation, and promoting the breakdown of fats and proteins.

The zona reticularis is the innermost layer of the adrenal cortex. It produces androgens, which are sex hormones that are involved in the development of secondary sexual characteristics. The adrenal cortex produces small amounts of androgens in both males and females, and these hormones play a role in libido and muscle growth.

The adrenal cortex is regulated by the pituitary gland, which is located in the brain. The pituitary gland produces adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroids. ACTH levels are regulated by the hypothalamus, which is also located in the brain. The hypothalamus produces corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to release ACTH.