Lipoproteiina

Lipoproteiina is a class of molecules found in biological systems, primarily in the blood. They are essential for transporting lipids, which are fats, throughout the body. Lipoproteins are complex structures composed of both lipids and proteins. The protein component, called apolipoprotein, plays a crucial role in the structure and function of the lipoprotein particle. The lipid components include cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.

These particles are vital because lipids are not soluble in water, the primary component of blood plasma. Lipoproteins act as carriers, allowing these hydrophobic lipids to be transported in the aqueous environment of the bloodstream to tissues where they are needed for energy, cell membrane structure, or hormone synthesis.

Lipoproteins are categorized based on their density, which is determined by the ratio of protein to lipid. Generally, particles with a higher protein content are denser. The main classes include chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Each class has a distinct role in lipid metabolism and transport. For example, chylomicrons transport dietary fats from the intestines, while LDL is often referred to as "bad cholesterol" because it can deposit cholesterol in artery walls, and HDL is considered "good cholesterol" as it helps remove cholesterol from tissues.