Lipidbased

Lipidbased refers to substances, formulations, or systems in which lipids are the predominant component. In pharmaceutical and biotechnological contexts, lipidbased systems are designed to improve the delivery, solubility, stability, and absorption of therapeutic agents, particularly lipophilic drugs. Common lipids used include triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and their derivatives, often combined with surfactants to aid dispersion and stability.

The most widely studied lipidbased carriers include liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and nanoemulsions. Liposomes are spherical vesicles with a phospholipid bilayer that can encapsulate hydrophilic drugs in their aqueous core and incorporate hydrophobic drugs into the bilayer. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers are solid or semi-solid lipid matrices that can provide controlled release and improved drug stability. Nanoemulsions are oil-in-water systems that solubilize lipophilic compounds for improved bioavailability.

Applications span multiple routes of administration, including oral, parenteral, topical, and ocular delivery. Lipidbased formulations are central to some vaccine and gene therapy approaches, especially lipid nanoparticles used to transport nucleic acids into cells.

Advantages of lipidbased systems include enhanced solubility and oral bioavailability, protection of labile drugs, and the potential for controlled or targeted release. Limitations involve physical instability from lipid polymorphism and oxidation, variability in drug loading, manufacturing complexity, and potential lipid-related toxicity or immunogenicity. Regulatory assessment focuses on the safety of both the lipid components and the final formulation.