Lignine
Lignine, sometimes spelled lignin, is a complex phenolic polymer that fills the cell walls of vascular plants alongside cellulose and hemicellulose. It is formed by radical coupling of phenylpropanoid monomers derived from p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols. Lignine is highly crosslinked and amorphous, and it is the main contributor to the rigidity and hydrophobicity of wood. It accounts for roughly 20–30% of dry plant biomass and varies by species and tissue.
In plant cells, lignine polymerization occurs in the cell wall during secondary-wall formation, mediated by oxidative
Industrial processing typically involves pulping to remove lignine from lignocellulosic biomass. Kraft and sulfite processes, as
Research in lignine valorization aims to develop methods for selective depolymerization and upgrading of lignin fragments,