Lidokaiinigeelit

Lidokaiinigeelit are topical gels that contain lidocaine, a local anesthetic of the amide class. They are used to numb skin or mucous membranes to reduce pain before procedures or during short-term discomfort.

Mechanism and composition: Lidocaine blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in peripheral nerves, preventing nerve impulse transmission and producing localized anesthesia. Gel formulations typically contain lidocaine in concentrations from about 1% to 5%, with the exact strength depending on the intended use. Some products may combine lidocaine with other anesthetic agents such as prilocaine or include vasoconstrictors to extend effect. They are designed for application to intact skin or mucosal surfaces.

Common uses: Lidokaiinigeelit are used to prepare for minor dermatological procedures, venipuncture or catheterization, dental work, and other short procedures where local numbness is beneficial. They may also provide temporary relief of localized pain or itching on mucous membranes in appropriate indications and formulations.

Administration and safety: Apply a thin layer to the target area for the time specified by the product label. Do not apply to large areas, damaged or broken skin, or near the eyes. Avoid occlusive coverings unless explicitly directed. Do not ingest or apply to mucous membranes not intended for use. Side effects are usually local and mild (redness, irritation); systemic toxicity can occur with excessive use or application to large areas and may cause dizziness, numbness beyond the treated area, or more serious symptoms. Seek medical attention if signs of systemic reaction occur.

Regulatory status: Lidokaiinigeelit are marketed in many countries; some formulations require a prescription, others are available over the counter depending on concentration and intended use.