Li2CO3n

Li₂CO₃ (lithium carbonate) is an inorganic compound composed of lithium, carbon, and oxygen. It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and has a wide range of industrial and medical applications. The compound is formed by the reaction of lithium hydroxide or lithium oxide with carbon dioxide, or by neutralizing lithium carbonate salts with a base.

Lithium carbonate is primarily used as a mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar disorder. It helps regulate mood swings and prevents manic or depressive episodes. The exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it is believed to influence neurotransmitter activity in the brain, particularly affecting serotonin and dopamine levels.

In industrial applications, lithium carbonate serves as a precursor for other lithium compounds, such as lithium hydroxide and lithium chloride. It is also used in the production of ceramics, glass, and high-temperature lubricants. Due to its high lithium content, it plays a crucial role in the manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries, which are widely used in portable electronics and electric vehicles.

The compound is synthesized through several methods, including the Solvay process, which involves reacting lithium chloride with sodium carbonate, or through the neutralization of lithium hydroxide with carbonic acid. It is also obtained as a byproduct in the processing of lithium-containing brines and minerals.

Lithium carbonate is generally considered safe when used as prescribed, but it can cause side effects such as nausea, tremors, and weight gain. Long-term use may require regular monitoring of kidney function and thyroid hormone levels. Proper handling is essential due to its corrosive nature and potential health risks if inhaled or ingested in large quantities.