Leucopenie

Leucopenie refers to a medical condition characterized by a diminished number of leukocytes, or white blood cells, in the blood. Leukocytes play a crucial role in the immune system, helping to fight off infections and diseases. A decrease in their numbers can make an individual more susceptible to infections, illnesses, and other health complications.

There are several types of leucopenia, depending on the specific type of white blood cell affected. Neutropenia occurs when there are abnormally low levels of neutrophils, a type of granulocyte. Lymphopenia refers to a decrease in lymphocytes, which are essential for antibody production and cell-mediated immunity. Other types include eosinopenia, basopenia, and monopenia, each affecting different types of white blood cells.

Leucopenie can be caused by various factors, including infections, autoimmune disorders, cancer treatment, vitamin deficiencies, and genetic conditions. Certain medications, such as immunosuppressants, may also contribute to leucopenia. Symptoms can manifest in different ways, but common signs include frequent infections, fatigue, fever, and swollen lymph nodes.

Diagnosing leucopenia typically involves a complete blood count (CBC) to measure the number and proportions of red and white blood cells. In some cases, bone marrow tests may be performed to evaluate the production of white blood cells. Treatment for leucopenia depends on the underlying cause and may involve addressing the underlying condition, administering medications to stimulate white blood cell production, and implementing infection-prevention strategies. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage complications associated with the condition.