Lespeciació
Lespeciació is the evolutionary process by which populations diverge genetically to form distinct species. It explains how biodiversity arises from ancestral lineages and is driven by genetic variation, natural selection, genetic drift, and reproductive isolation.
A central idea is that gene flow between populations must be reduced or eliminated for speciation to
Modes of speciation include allopatric speciation, in which geographic barriers prevent gene exchange and divergence accumulates;
Evidence comes from comparative genomics, population genetic studies, experimental evolution, and the fossil record. Different species
Impact: speciation explains the distribution of species across landscapes and through time, from island radiations to