Lencsék

Lencsék is the Hungarian word for lenses; in optics, lenses are transparent optical elements that refract light to form images, focus beams, or correct vision. They are usually made from glass or plastic and shaped with precise curvatures to achieve a specified refractive effect. Key performance parameters include focal length, diameter, material, and surface quality.

Common types are converging (convex) lenses, which bring parallel light to a focal point, and diverging (concave) lenses, which spread light. Lenses may be single elements with simple shapes (biconvex, biconcave, plano-convex, plano-concave) or compound designs that combine several elements to correct aberrations. Aspheric and diffractive designs reduce spherical and chromatic aberrations.

Materials include crown and flint glass, as well as plastics such as polycarbonate and acrylic. Optical coatings, such as anti-reflective layers, increase transmission and contrast, while UV-blocking or hard-coat layers improve durability. Many high-performance lenses use multiple elements with specific spacing and coatings to achieve desired imaging properties.

Applications range from photography and cinematography to microscopy, astronomy, eyewear, and projection systems. In eyeglasses, lenses are ground to correct refractive errors by altering the focal length seen by the eye. In cameras, focal length and aperture determine magnification, field of view, and brightness.

Manufacture involves grinding, polishing, and edge finishing of individual elements, followed by precise assembly in housings for multi-element designs. Quality control uses interferometry and wavefront sensing to verify surface accuracy and adherence to tolerances.