Leikkuusyvyys

Leikkuusyvyys (depth of cut, DOC) is a machining parameter that describes the maximum depth of material removed in a single pass by the cutting tool. In milling and turning the term refers to how deep the tool penetrates into the workpiece along its axis, and in milling there are often distinctions between axial depth of cut and radial depth of cut. DOC is measured in millimeters and varies with tool geometry, machine stiffness, and process conditions.

The depth of cut is controlled alongside other cutting parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, and coolant. It is influenced by the workpiece material, tool material and geometry, number of flutes, tool wear, and the rigidity of the machine setup. A larger DOC increases material removal per pass but also raises cutting forces, power consumption, and the risk of deflection, chatter, and premature tool wear. Conversely, a too-small DOC reduces productivity and may affect tolerances and surface finish.

Choosing an appropriate DOC involves starting from manufacturer recommendations for the tool and material, then adjusting based on observed results. In CNC applications, DOC is typically programmed stepwise or ramped to avoid sudden loading, and it is often reduced as tool wear increases or chip formation changes. Monitoring surface quality, dimensional accuracy, and tool condition helps determine suitable DOC values for reliable, efficient machining.

Overall, leikkuusyvyys is a fundamental lever in balancing productivity, accuracy, and tool life in metal cutting processes.