Ledvinová

Ledvinové, also known as kidney stones, are hard deposits that form in the kidneys when there is an excess of certain substances in the urine. These substances can include minerals such as calcium, oxalate, and uric acid, as well as other compounds. The formation of kidney stones is influenced by various factors, including diet, fluid intake, and genetic predisposition.

Kidney stones can range in size from small grains of sand to large stones that can cause significant discomfort and complications. Symptoms of kidney stones often include severe pain in the flank or side, nausea, vomiting, and blood in the urine. The pain can be so intense that it may be mistaken for appendicitis or other serious conditions.

Diagnosis of kidney stones typically involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or X-ray. Treatment options depend on the size and location of the stone, as well as the individual's overall health. Small stones may pass on their own, while larger stones may require medical intervention, such as shock wave lithotripsy or surgery.

Prevention of kidney stones often involves maintaining a balanced diet, staying hydrated, and avoiding excessive salt and sugar intake. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to help dissolve existing stones or prevent their formation. Regular medical check-ups and monitoring of urine composition can also aid in early detection and management of kidney stones.