Lateraalrotatsiooni

Lateraalrotatsiooni is a Finnish term that refers to the lateral or external rotation movement of a joint, most commonly the shoulder (omoplate) or the hip (acetabulum). In lateral rotation, the long axis of the limb is rotated outward, so that the dorsal aspect moves toward the scapular or pelvic region. The movement is controlled by a distinct set of muscles, depending on the joint involved. For the shoulder, the primary contributors are the infraspinatus, teres minor, and posterior deltoid; while gluteus medius and minimus, piriformis, and obturator internus play a major role in hip lateral rotation. Ligaments and joint capsules also stabilize the joint while allowing adequate range of motion.

In clinical practice, lateraalrotatsiooni is a diagnostic marker for joint stability, muscle strength, and range of motion. Physiological limits differ among individuals, but healthy adults generally achieve 30–90 degrees of lateral rotation from flexion positions on the shoulder and 30–45 degrees from the neutral position on the hip. Excessive or restricted lateral rotation can indicate muscular spasm, joint capsular tightness, or joint pathology such as adhesive capsulitis or hip impingement.

Measuring lateral rotation typically involves manual goniometry or imaging guidance. Therapeutic interventions comprise stretching of opposing muscle groups, strengthening of the lateral rotators, and proprioceptive training. Proper balance of abductors, adductors, and rotator cuff muscles reduces the risk of compensatory patterns and optimises functional biomechanics in activities ranging from daily living to sporting performance.