Landtagswahlen

Landtagswahlen are elections to the Landtag, the state parliament of a German federal state (Land). They determine the composition of the state government and influence state policy on matters such as education, policing, culture, and local infrastructure. Each of Germany's 16 Länder has its own constitution and election law, so rules and timing vary. Most Landtag elections are held every four to five years, but dissolution of the parliament or a failed coalition can trigger early elections.

Electoral systems in Landtag elections commonly combine direct mandates with party list seats in a system akin to proportional representation. Voters usually cast two votes: one for a direct constituency representative and one for a party list. The aim is to achieve proportional seat allocation while preserving local direct representation. Thresholds for entering the Landtag typically range from around 3% to 5%, depending on the state.

Following the election, the Landtag elects the Minister-President (or equivalent head of government) and forms the state cabinet. Coalitions are common in most states because multiple parties tend to win substantial shares of seats; minority governments are rare but possible. The Landtag also supervises the state government, approves the budget, and legislates on state matters permitted by the national constitution and the respective state constitution.

Voters are generally German citizens residing in the state and meeting the applicable age requirements, usually 18 or older. Turnout varies across elections and states, reflecting local and national issues. Landtagswahlen thus serve as an important link between national politics and regional governance, with results shaping both state policy and broader political dynamics.