Landesgesetz

A Landesgesetz, literally "state law," is a statutory act enacted by the legislature of a German state (Land) within the federal system of Germany, and by similar state parliaments in other German-speaking countries such as Austria. It constitutes binding law within the state's territory and governs matters assigned to state competence by the state's constitution.

In Germany, the states retain legislative authority in areas not reserved to the federal government. Typical domains include education, policing and public security, culture and heritage, and matters of local administration and civil status. Bundesgesetze (federal laws) take precedence over Landesgesetze in case of conflict, in accordance with the federal Basic Law.

The process for adopting a Landesgesetz generally involves proposal by the state government or members of the Landtag, committee examination, and multiple readings. If the Landtag passes the act, it is promulgated by the head of government or the responsible minister and published in the state's official gazette. The law usually enters into force on a specified date or upon promulgation, and remains in effect until amended or repealed. Landesgesetze may be reviewed for constitutional compatibility by the state constitutional court, and can be challenged if they overstep competences or violate higher law.

Examples of Landesgesetze include acts regulating education policy, police legal frameworks, higher education administration, and laws affecting local government. In Austria, Landesgesetze function similarly, issued by the Länder and published in the respective Landesgesetzblatt, reflecting the federal structure and the division of powers between central and regional authorities.