Landebahn

Landebahn is the German term for a runway at an airport or airfield. It designates a prepared surface used for aircraft to land and to commence or complete takeoff. In practice, runways are oriented to align with prevailing winds, and their designation reflects the magnetic heading of the landing direction. Airports often operate multiple runways of different lengths and orientations to accommodate varying weather and traffic conditions.

Runways are typically paved with asphalt or concrete. Smaller airstrips may use grass, gravel, or other compacted surfaces. The required length and width depend on aircraft types, climatic conditions, and approach categories. At both ends of a runway, safety areas such as runway end safety areas (RESA) and blast pads help reduce the risk of damage or overruns. Markings on the surface include threshold lines, a centerline, runway edge lines, and numerical designations indicating the runway’s magnetic heading.

Lighting and navigation aids support operations in low visibility. Visual aids include runway edge lights, threshold lights, and approach indicators like PAPI or VASI. Instrument approaches may rely on systems such as ILS, VOR, or GPS-based procedures. Air traffic control and meteorological services coordinate runway use, with NOTAMs and weather updates influencing availability and performance.

Runways also vary by surface type and use. Some smaller or remote airfields maintain unpaved or grass runways, while water airports use seaplane runways. Comprehensive standards for design, marking, lighting, and maintenance are established by national and international aviation authorities.