Laktationscykeln

Laktationscykeln, also known as the lactation cycle, refers to the biological process in female mammals that enables them to produce milk to nourish their offspring. This cycle is primarily driven by hormonal changes that occur during and after pregnancy.

Following birth, the expulsion of the placenta triggers a significant drop in progesterone levels, while prolactin, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, becomes dominant. Prolactin stimulates the mammary glands to synthesize and secrete milk. Initially, the milk produced is colostrum, a nutrient-rich fluid that provides essential antibodies and growth factors to the newborn.

As the infant suckles, it provides a crucial stimulus for continued milk production through a reflex known as the milk ejection reflex or let-down reflex. Suckling signals the pituitary gland to release oxytocin, which causes the muscles around the milk ducts to contract, expelling milk. The frequency and duration of suckling directly influence the amount of prolactin and oxytocin released, thereby regulating milk supply.

The lactation cycle continues as long as the offspring nurses or milk is otherwise removed from the breasts. If suckling or milk removal ceases, prolactin levels gradually decrease, leading to a decline in milk production and eventually the cessation of lactation, a process known as involution. This cyclical nature ensures that milk is available when needed and stops when no longer required, conserving the mother's energy and resources.