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LOINC, which stands for the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes, is a universal standard for identifying medical laboratory observations. It is a comprehensive set of codes, names, and identifiers for test results, clinical measurements, and observations. LOINC was developed by the Regenstrief Institute in Indiana and is a publicly available, non-proprietary database.

The primary purpose of LOINC is to facilitate the electronic exchange and aggregation of laboratory data. By using standardized codes, different healthcare systems, laboratories, and electronic health records (EHRs) can consistently refer to the same laboratory test or observation. This interoperability is crucial for improving patient care, enabling research, and supporting public health initiatives.

LOINC codes are assigned to a wide range of laboratory and clinical observations, including:

* Chemistry tests

* Hematology tests

* Microbiology tests

* Pathology reports

* Imaging reports

* Vital signs

* Questionnaires and surveys

Each LOINC code represents a specific observation, such as "Glucose measurement in serum," and is associated with a standardized name, component, property, timing, sample type, and related aspects. The database is regularly updated to reflect new tests and evolving medical practices. LOINC is widely adopted in healthcare information systems globally, making it an essential tool for modern healthcare informatics.