LDHisoentsyymiä

LDHisoentsyymiä refers to the isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Lactate dehydrogenase is an enzyme found in many tissues in the body, particularly in the heart, liver, muscle, kidney, and red blood cells. It plays a crucial role in cellular respiration, converting pyruvate to lactate when oxygen is scarce.

LDH exists in multiple forms, known as isoenzymes, which are proteins with slight structural differences but the same enzymatic function. These isoenzymes are coded by different genes and are expressed in varying amounts in different tissues. Typically, there are five main LDH isoenzymes, often designated as LDH-1 through LDH-5.

LDH-1 and LDH-2 are predominantly found in the heart muscle and red blood cells. LDH-3 is concentrated in the lungs, while LDH-4 and LDH-5 are mainly present in the liver and skeletal muscle.

Measurement of LDH isoenzymes in the blood can be a valuable diagnostic tool. An elevated level of a specific isoenzyme can help pinpoint the location of tissue damage or disease. For example, a significant increase in LDH-1 and LDH-2 may suggest a heart attack, whereas elevated LDH-5 could indicate liver damage or muscle injury.

The relative proportions of these isoenzymes, often expressed as isoenzyme profiles or ratios, provide more specific diagnostic information than a total LDH level alone. Therefore, LDH isoenzyme analysis is used in the diagnosis and monitoring of various conditions, including myocardial infarction, liver disease, muscle disorders, and certain types of cancer.